Cohesion and coherence

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z24caiXuB3Pbx82E96LBQ23hRe7mlV8fpx-MHVxMcA4/edit?usp=sharing

Speech Acts

2- Topic sentences

1.Many politicians deplore the passing of the old family-sized farm, but I'm not so sure.
 I saw around Velva a release from what was like slavery to the tyrannical soil, release from the ignorance that darkens the soul and from the loneliness that corrodes it. In this generation my Velva friends have rejoined the general American society that their pioneering fathers left behind when they first made the barren trek in the days of the wheat rush. As I sit here in Washington writing this, I can feel their nearness. (from Eric Sevareid, "Velva, North Dakota")



2.  There are two broad theories concerning what triggers a human's inevitable decline to death.
The first is the wear-and-tear hypothesis that suggests the body eventually succumbs to the environmental insults of life. The second is the notion that we have an internal clock which is genetically programmed to run down. Supporters of the wear-and-tear theory maintain that the very practice of breathing causes us to age because inhaled oxygen produces toxic by-products. Advocates of the internal clock theory believe that individual cells are told to stop dividing and thus eventually to die by, for example, hormones produced by the brain or by their own genes. (from Debra Blank, "The Eternal Quest" [edited]).



3.We commonly look on the discipline of war as vastly more rigid than any discipline necessary in time of peace, but this is an error.
The strictest military discipline imaginable is still looser than that prevailing in the average assembly-line. The soldier, at worst, is still able to exercise the highest conceivable functions of freedom -- that is, he or she is permitted to steal and to kill. No discipline prevailing in peace gives him or her anything remotely resembling this. The soldier is, in war, in the position of a free adult; in peace he or she is almost always in the position of a child. In war all things are excused by success, even violations of discipline. In peace, speaking generally, success is inconceivable except as a function of discipline. (from H.L. Mencken, "Reflections on War" [edited]).

Portfolio 5: Topic Sentence

Portfolio 4: Speech Acts

Constatives and Performatives are two different parts of speech. Constatives are sentences that describe something as true or false and Performatives are sentences that denote an action. 

Performatives act upon the world. 

Speech Acts are  words that are themselves actions. These include ordering, promising, apologising, warning, sentencing, christening, marrying.

Performatives depend on context and reception. These are known as Felicity Conditions. 

Felicity Conditions are the rules under which the performative can be enacted.

The Performative should be authoritative, clear,  understood, and it should be able to be executed.

If it doesn't meet these conditions it doesn't have the power to denote action. But it doesn't mean that it is implicity followed. 

Book

• Murphy, R. (1994). English Grammar in Use. U.K. Cambridge University Press.

• Imhoof, M & Hudson, H. (1985). From Paragraph to Essay. Developing Composition Writing. U.K. Longman. Ltd.

Website

English Teaching Professional (2008). https://www.etprofessional.com

Magazine Article

"What good is Second Language Acquisition theory?". (March 2008). English Teaching Professional, pp. 4-6.

Chapter

Ellis, R. (1986). "Understanding Second Language Acquisition". ch. 3, pp. 42-58. U.K. Oxford University Press.

Portfolio 3

There are several ways to cite a source (MLA, Turabian, Chicago). Here you have APA Citation Style

Author(s). (Date). Title of Book/ "Title of Article"/ Title of Periodical/ Volume. Pages. Place of Publication. Publisher. 



Journal or Magazine Article

Wilcox, R. V. (1991). "Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation". Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65.

Journal or Magazine Article

Dubeck, L. (1990). "Science fiction aids science teaching." Physics Teacher, 28, 316-318.

Newspaper Article

Di Rado, A. (1995, March 15). "Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek." Los Angeles Times, p. A3.

Article from an Internet Database

Mershon, D. H. (1998, November-December). "Star Trek on the brain: Alien minds, human minds." American Scientist, 86, 585. Retrieved July 29, 1999, from Expanded Academic ASAP database.

BookOkuda, M., & Okuda, D. (1993). Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future. New York: Book Pocket Books

Article or ChapterJames, N. E. (1988). "Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock." In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum of the fantastic (pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Encyclopedia ArticleSturgeon, T. (1995). Science fiction. In The encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 24, pp. 390-392). Danbury, CT: Grolier.

WebsiteLynch, T. (1996). DS9 trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club Web site: http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/ 503r.html



Notes

• Arrange the items on your reference list alphabetically by author, interfiling books, articles, etc.
• Use only the initials of the authors' first (and middle) names.
• If no author is given, start with the title and then the date.
• If you are using a typewriter that cannot produce italics, then use underlining instead.
• Magazine articles: include the month (and day) as shown under Newspapers.
• Websites: if the date the page was created is not given, use (n.d.